{"id":90188,"date":"2026-03-06T06:00:44","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T11:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/?p=90188"},"modified":"2026-03-06T09:33:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T14:33:15","slug":"necho-and-josiah-at-megiddo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-israel\/necho-and-josiah-at-megiddo\/","title":{"rendered":"Necho and Josiah at Megiddo"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_90189\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-israel\/necho-and-josiah-at-megiddo\/attachment\/%d7%aa%d7%9c_%d7%9e%d7%92%d7%99%d7%93%d7%95_wiki\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-90189\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90189\" class=\"wp-image-90189 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2025\/03\/\u05ea\u05dc_\u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5_wiki-300x177.jpg.avif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"236\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2025\/03\/\u05ea\u05dc_\u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5_wiki-300x177.jpg.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2025\/03\/\u05ea\u05dc_\u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5_wiki-1024x604.jpg.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2025\/03\/\u05ea\u05dc_\u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5_wiki-768x453.jpg.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2025\/03\/\u05ea\u05dc_\u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5_wiki-1536x907.jpg.avif 1536w, https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2025\/03\/\u05ea\u05dc_\u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5_wiki-2048x1209.jpg.avif 2048w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 400px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 400\/236;\" data-original-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" data-smush-avif-fallback=\"{&quot;data-src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/\\u05ea\\u05dc_\\u05de\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05d3\\u05d5_wiki-300x177.jpg&quot;,&quot;data-srcset&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/\\u05ea\\u05dc_\\u05de\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05d3\\u05d5_wiki-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/\\u05ea\\u05dc_\\u05de\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05d3\\u05d5_wiki-1024x604.jpg 1024w, https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/\\u05ea\\u05dc_\\u05de\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05d3\\u05d5_wiki-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/\\u05ea\\u05dc_\\u05de\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05d3\\u05d5_wiki-1536x907.jpg 1536w, https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/\\u05ea\\u05dc_\\u05de\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05d3\\u05d5_wiki-2048x1209.jpg 2048w&quot;}\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-90189\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of Tel Megiddo. <em> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95.JPG\">AVRAM GRAICER<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Although remembered in the Bible as one of Judah\u2019s most pious rulers, King Josiah met a rather untimely death, slain at Megiddo by Pharaoh Necho II. While Josiah\u2019s death is recorded in both 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles, no archaeological evidence has ever been found to corroborate the story, until now. Publishing in the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09018328.2025.2454490?src=exp-la\" target=\"_blank\">Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament<\/a><\/em>, archaeologists excavating at the site of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/archaeology-today\/twenty-years-at-megiddo\/\">Megiddo<\/a> in northern Israel propose that new ceramic finds provide the first evidence for Egyptian forces stationed in the city at the time of Josiah\u2019s end.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n\t\t<div id=\"mailing_list_ebook_page\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class='gravity_form_mailing_list'>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"downloadFormSec esolshortwrap\">\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-3 col-sm-3 mb-4 mb-md-0\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/smush-avif\/2011\/04\/ten_top_discoveries_ebook.png.avif' class='esolsetnewimg smush-dimensions lazyload' width='200' style='--smush-image-width: 200px; --smush-image-aspect-ratio: 200\/259;' src='data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==' data-smush-avif-fallback='{&quot;data-src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2011\\\/04\\\/ten_top_discoveries_ebook.png&quot;}'>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-9 col-sm-9\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-sm-12\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>FREE ebook: <strong>Ten Top Biblical Archaeology Discoveries<\/strong>. Finds like the Pool of Siloam in Israel, where the Gospel of John says Jesus miraculously restored sight to a blind man.\r\n<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 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*\/\n<\/script>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<!-- download link -->\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"eBook_download_link\" name=\"eBook_download_link\">\n\n\t\t\t<button onclick=\"location.href='https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/ten_top_biblical_archaeology_discoveries.pdf'\">DOWNLOAD EBOOK<\/button>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<hr \/>\n<h4>When Egypt Reigned at Megiddo<\/h4>\n<p>The death of pious King Josiah at the hands of Pharaoh Necho II at Megiddo (c. 609 BCE) was the beginning of the end for the biblical kingdom of Judah, which just a few decades later would finally fall at the hands of the Babylonians. Now, the discovery of massive amounts of Egyptian and Greek pottery has confirmed at least one major element of the story: that Egyptian forces and their Greek mercenaries had a significant presence at Megiddo at the end of the seventh century BCE.<\/p>\n<p>In searching for traces of the biblical event, the archaeologists had little to go on, with much of the upper layers of the archaeological mound at Megiddo having been removed by prior excavations. Finally identifying a promising spot, known as Area X, the team hit pay dirt: a small area containing the remains of a mudbrick wall and two successive buildings with well-preserved layers dating from the eighth to sixth centuries BCE.<\/p>\n<p>The earliest layers excavated in the area contained evidence of the Israelite occupation of the site and the fiery destruction that brought that occupation to its end at the hands of the Assyrian army under Tiglath-Pileser III (c. 732 BCE). Later layers showed evidence for the site\u2019s Assyrian occupation, a period when it was the capital of the province of <em>Magiddu<\/em> and home to a mixed population of Israelites and deportees from around the Assyrian Empire. None of that was unexpected based on previous excavations. However, it was the latest layers of Area X that provided striking new evidence of the biblical story.<\/p>\n<p>Although no destruction layer was identified at the end of Assyrian control over the site (mid- to late seventh century), there was a sudden change in ceramic remains, with the inclusion of a large amount of imported Egyptian and eastern Greek pottery. Dating to the late seventh century BCE, these ceramic finds perfectly matched the period of Josiah\u2019s death. According to the excavators, no other site in the region has such a large amount of Egyptian pottery, and no non-coastal site has as much Greek pottery.<\/p>\n<p>Considering the data, the archaeologists suggest that the most logical explanation for such a large and sudden presence of Egyptian and Greek pottery is the presence of a large garrison of Egyptian and Greek troops, the latter well known as mercenaries who served under the employ of Necho II. Besides fitting the biblical story, the evidence also fits with Assyrian history. Conquering the southern Levant in the latter half of the eighth century, the Assyrian Empire would slowly start to decline, and upon losing control of the Levant about a century later, it was Assyria\u2019s Egyptian allies that filled the power vacuum. In the last two decades of the seventh century, Assyria was on the ropes, under attack by the Babylonians, the Medes, and the Persians. It was then that Pharaoh Necho rode out from Egypt to aid the Assyrians.<\/p>\n<p>As recorded in 2 Kings 23:29, \u201cIn his days Pharaoh Necho king of Egypt went up to the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates. King Josiah went to meet him, and Pharaoh Necho killed him at Megiddo, as soon as he saw him.\u201d Although 2 Chronicles 35:22\u201324 specifies that Josiah fought against Necho (an element of the story that is debated by scholars), it can no longer be doubted that the Egyptian army was stationed at Megiddo, exactly where and when the biblical narrative places them.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><small><em>This article was first published in Bible History Daily on March 10, 2025.<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h4 style=\"margin-bottom:1em;\">Related reading in\u00a0<em>Bible History Daily<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"TR1XgOFENQ\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-israel\/more-of-megiddos-roman-legionary-camp-revealed\/\">More of Megiddo\u2019s Roman Legionary Camp Revealed<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;More of Megiddo\u2019s Roman Legionary Camp Revealed&#8221; &#8212; Biblical Archaeology Society\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-israel\/more-of-megiddos-roman-legionary-camp-revealed\/embed\/#?secret=aXE7ZBeiUd#?secret=TR1XgOFENQ\" data-secret=\"TR1XgOFENQ\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"kTq1xAyDMP\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/archaeology-today\/twenty-years-at-megiddo\/\">Twenty Years at Megiddo\u00a0<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Twenty Years at Megiddo\u00a0&#8221; &#8212; Biblical Archaeology Society\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/archaeology-today\/twenty-years-at-megiddo\/embed\/#?secret=jeBKoF56n4#?secret=kTq1xAyDMP\" data-secret=\"kTq1xAyDMP\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"margin:2em 0;\">All-Access members, read more in the\u00a0<em>BAS Library<\/em><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"0mSa84uT0j\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/megiddo-israel\/\">Megiddo, Israel<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Megiddo, Israel&#8221; &#8212; The BAS Library\" src=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/megiddo-israel\/embed\/#?secret=4iQxb8sh3c#?secret=0mSa84uT0j\" data-secret=\"0mSa84uT0j\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"TZDl8yBGN2\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/department\/the-megiddo-mosaic\/\">The Megiddo Mosaic<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Megiddo Mosaic&#8221; &#8212; The BAS Library\" src=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/department\/the-megiddo-mosaic\/embed\/#?secret=0WOAURovsL#?secret=TZDl8yBGN2\" data-secret=\"TZDl8yBGN2\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"viiXaBwysA\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/king-solomons-stables-still-at-megiddo\/\">King Solomon\u2019s Stables\u2014Still at Megiddo?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;King Solomon\u2019s Stables\u2014Still at Megiddo?&#8221; &#8212; The BAS Library\" src=\"https:\/\/library.biblicalarchaeology.org\/article\/king-solomons-stables-still-at-megiddo\/embed\/#?secret=lUI5aKNnbF#?secret=viiXaBwysA\" data-secret=\"viiXaBwysA\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin:2em 0;\">\n<p><strong>Not a <em>BAS<\/em> Library or All-Access Member yet? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/subscribe-new\/?utm_term=W26009B0\">Join today.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Although remembered in the Bible as one of Judah\u2019s most pious rulers, King Josiah met a rather untimely death, slain at Megiddo by Pharaoh Necho [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":90208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16464,376],"tags":[16973,16991,23471,123,16990,21070,22662,23470],"class_list":["post-90188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ancient-egypt","category-ancient-israel","tag-assyria","tag-chronicles","tag-josiah","tag-judah","tag-kings","tag-megiddo","tag-necho-ii","tag-pharaoh-necho-ii"],"acf":[],"nelio_content":{"autoShareEndMode":"never","automationSources":{"useCustomSentences":false,"customSentences":[]},"efiAlt":"","efiUrl":"","followers":[55,62],"highlights":[],"isAutoShareEnabled":true,"networkImageIds":[],"permalinkQueryArgs":[],"series":[],"suggestedReferences":[]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Necho and Josiah at Megiddo - Biblical Archaeology Society<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Remembered in the Bible as one of Judah\u2019s most pious rulers, King Josiah met a rather untimely death, slain at Megiddo by Pharaoh Necho II.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biblicalarchaeology.org\/daily\/ancient-cultures\/ancient-israel\/necho-and-josiah-at-megiddo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Necho and Josiah at Megiddo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Although remembered in the Bible as one of Judah\u2019s most pious rulers, King Josiah met a rather untimely death, slain at Megiddo by Pharaoh Necho II. 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